A Sequential Optimization-Simulation Approach for Planning the Transition to the Low Carbon Freight System with Case Study in the North Island of New Zealand

Freight movement has always been, and will be an essential activity. transport is one of the most challenging sectors to transition net-zero carbon. Traffic assignment, mode allocation, network planning, hub location, train scheduling terminal design problem-solving have previously been used address cost operation efficiencies. In this study, interdisciplinary innovation, management engineering (InTIME) methodology was for conceptualization, redesign redevelopment existing freight systems achieve a downshift in fossil energy consumption. The fourth step InTIME conceptualization long-term future intermodal system that can serve current task. novelty our approach stands considering full range supply chain factors as whole, using optimization-simulation if we were designing low-carbon 2121. For optimization, ArcGIS software set up multimodal model. Route selection delivered through optimization use within network. Complementarily, Anylogic build GIS-based discrete event simulation model different experiments enhance solution offered by analysis. results outline resources needed (i.e., number railway tracks, speed, size railyards, cranes forklifts at terminals) backcast reveal efficient investments near term. case New Zealand’s North Island, implementation strategic terminals, with corresponding handling could deliver 47% emissions reduction from sector 2030, ahead longer lead-time upgrades like electrification infrastructure.